Thinking about retiring abroad? You’re not alone. At least 5.4 million Americans were living abroad in 2023, according to the Association of Americans Resident Overseas. For many, the decision is driven by the strong U.S. dollar and the chance to stretch their retirement savings in countries with much lower living costs. The appeal is clear: better affordability, a higher standard of living, and access to vibrant cultures. Yet, planning for an overseas retirement requires careful preparation. This guide covers the essentials, helping you understand the financial, legal, and lifestyle factors to consider.

1. Why Retire Abroad?

Here’s a closer look at the major factors making retirement abroad an attractive option.

Cost of Living

For retirees, the cost of living can be a major factor in deciding where to settle. Many countries offer a significantly lower cost of living compared to the U.S., which can stretch retirement savings further. Housing, for example, tends to be much cheaper in popular destinations for U.S. retirees. In Mexico, housing costs are estimated to be around 21% lower than in the U.S. overall, allowing retirees to afford larger or more comfortable accommodations for less. Healthcare expenses are also substantially reduced in many countries; in Mexico, for instance, healthcare costs are about 60% lower than in the U.S. These savings often extend to everyday expenses, including groceries, dining, and local transportation, allowing retirees to maintain or even improve their lifestyle on a smaller budget.

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Quality of Life

Retiring abroad is about more than just saving money—it’s also about enhancing quality of life. Many countries popular among retirees offer strong social safety nets and socialized healthcare systems, which provide additional security and peace of mind. This can reduce stress, as retirees don’t need to worry as much about unexpected expenses for things like healthcare. Countries with high quality-of-life rankings, such as Spain, Portugal, and Costa Rica, are appealing for their stable infrastructures, access to nature, and focus on work-life balance. Many retirees also report that moving abroad brings a sense of adventure and the chance to experience new cultures, cuisines, and languages. The enrichment of living in a new cultural setting can be a rewarding part of retirement, adding vibrancy and novelty to daily life.

Healthcare Access

Access to affordable healthcare is another crucial aspect of retirement planning, particularly for those with ongoing medical needs. In most popular retirement destinations, healthcare is accessible and often more affordable than in the U.S. Many countries provide universal healthcare that residents, including foreign retirees, can often access either freely or at a low cost. In Portugal, for example, residents can use the public healthcare system for a small fee, which significantly reduces the financial burden for retirees. Private healthcare is also an option and is often much more affordable than in the U.S., enabling retirees to get quicker or more personalized care. However, it’s important to note that Medicare, the U.S. government health plan for those over 65, does not cover medical expenses outside the U.S. This means that retirees moving abroad will need to consider either purchasing local health insurance, choosing an international health plan, or setting aside funds for medical expenses. For many retirees, securing healthcare coverage is a priority to ensure they can continue receiving high-quality care without the high costs associated with U.S. healthcare.

2. Popular Retirement Destinations

• Mexico: With nearly 800,000 American expats, Mexico tops the list due to low living costs, proximity to the U.S., and relaxed visa policies.

• Canada: Offers high-quality healthcare and a familiar culture but has higher living costs than many other international options.

• United Kingdom: Attracts retirees with its mix of modern conveniences and historical charm, though property and healthcare expenses are relatively high.

• Germany, Australia, and Spain: These countries offer a high quality of life and strong healthcare systems. Germany, in particular, has low property tax rates compared to the U.S.

These countries, among others, have strong expatriate communities, which can help ease the transition.

3. Financial Considerations

• Housing Costs: Many retirement-friendly countries have affordable housing. For instance, South Korea has housing costs nearly 30% lower than the U.S.

• Healthcare Expenses: Healthcare is a major retirement expense. Israel has similar healthcare costs to the U.S., while Mexico and many other countries offer much lower healthcare expenses. Always check if local health insurance is accessible and affordable.

• Taxes: U.S. citizens are still required to file taxes with the IRS regardless of their residency. However, many countries have tax treaties with the U.S. to help avoid double taxation. Mexico, for instance, has a low income tax rate (3.75%), while Canada’s tax rate is closer to the U.S. rate.

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4. Social Security and Retirement Income

• Receiving Benefits: Social Security payments can be received in most countries. However, some healthcare plans, like Medicare, are limited to the U.S.

• Foreign Taxes on U.S. Benefits: Some countries tax foreign social security, so it’s wise to verify tax rules in your chosen country. Notably, countries like Mexico and Israel lack totalization agreements with the U.S., meaning you may need to pay taxes twice if you plan to work part-time.

Social Security can be a reliable income source abroad, but confirm tax obligations in your chosen destination.

5. Residency and Visa Requirements

• Retirement Visas: Many countries offer visas specifically for retirees, typically requiring proof of income, identification, and health insurance. Countries like Spain and Portugal have popular "golden visa" programs that allow retirees to stay with minimum property investments.

• Ease of Access: Some destinations, like Mexico, allow U.S. citizens to stay up to 180 days without a visa, while others may have stricter entry requirements. Make sure to check and prepare the necessary documents well before relocating.

6. Legal and Administrative Preparation

• Legal Documents: Review your will, power of attorney, and other legal documents to ensure they’re enforceable in your new country. Laws regarding these documents vary, so consulting a legal advisor familiar with international residency can be beneficial.

• Dual Nationality: If you plan on holding dual nationality, make sure to check the specific country’s rules, as some nations may restrict rights or have unique legal implications for dual nationals.

• Driver’s License: Research if your U.S. driver’s license is valid or if you’ll need a local license.  You may also need to secure additional auto insurance coverage.

7. Health and Accessibility

• Healthcare Compatibility: Medicare does not cover healthcare costs abroad. Therefore, private insurance or participation in the local healthcare system is essential. Private health insurance tailored for expats or access to a national health system can be a cost-effective solution.

• Climate and Environment: Environmental factors like air quality, altitude, and climate should align with your health needs. For instance, high humidity or poor air quality may impact those with respiratory conditions.

Knowing your healthcare options and potential climate challenges can help you choose a destination that meets your health and lifestyle needs.

8. Social and Cultural Integration

• Language Barriers: If you’re considering a non-English-speaking country, factor in language. Many retirees find it beneficial to learn the basics to ease daily interactions.

• Community and Support: Retirees moving abroad often benefit from expat communities that can provide social support and help ease cultural transitions. Countries with large English-speaking communities can make it easier to build connections.

Adjusting to a new culture can be rewarding but may require a learning curve. Consider visiting multiple times before committing to a move.

9. Security and Emergencies

• Emergency Contact: Always have your U.S. passport updated and keep emergency contact information accessible. Share details with family or friends in case of a natural disaster or political unrest in your new country.

• Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP): This free U.S. program allows you to register your travel plans, receive safety information, and enable family contact in case of an emergency.

Planning for emergencies ensures you’re prepared for unexpected events, giving peace of mind for you and your loved ones.

10. Scams and Financial Security

• Beware of Scams: Scams targeting expats, including financial and romance scams, are common in many areas. Be cautious of online interactions and keep financial information secure.

• Stay Informed: Staying connected to reputable sources for news about your destination can help you avoid common pitfalls.

Protecting yourself financially and staying alert online can help you settle in securely.

11. Voting and Staying Involved

• Voting Overseas: U.S. citizens can still vote in federal elections while abroad through the Federal Voting Assistance Program.

Staying engaged with U.S. civic duties can keep you connected to your home country and its developments.

12. Making a Decision

• Advantages: Retiring abroad offers adventure, lower costs, and potentially better quality of life. Popular countries offer affordable healthcare, scenic locations, and welcoming communities.

• Disadvantages: Long distances from family, cultural adjustments, and administrative hurdles can be challenging. Evaluate your willingness to face these changes before deciding.

Retirement abroad can open new doors, but thorough research and preparation will make your transition smooth and enjoyable.

Use a FREE retirement calculator to set your savings goal

Bottom Line

Retirement abroad offers the opportunity for a unique lifestyle with financial and personal rewards. Start planning early by researching healthcare, tax laws, and residency requirements. Test out your destination with multiple visits to understand the culture, costs, and community. Retirement abroad is a serious commitment, but with the right planning, it can be a fulfilling chapter in your life.

By considering these factors, you can turn your dream of retiring abroad into a sustainable, enriching reality.

Reference

Association of Americans Resident Overseas (AARO). (n.d.). How Many Americans Live Abroad? Retrieved from https://aaro.org/living-abroad/how-many-americans-live-abroad.

Social Security Administration. (n.d.). Social Security Benefits for U.S. Citizens Outside the United States. Retrieved from https://www.ssa.gov/international/payments.html.

World Population Review. (2024). American Expats by Country 2024. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com.

United Nations Population Division. (n.d.). International Migrant Stock: Destination and Origin. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/.

OECD. (n.d.). Housing Prices. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/housing.

OECD iLibrary. (2023). Health at a Glance 2023: Health Expenditure—Prices in the Health Sector. (p. 159). Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/health-at-a-glance_19991312.

Medicare. (n.d.). Medicare Coverage Outside the United States. Retrieved from https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/travel-outside-us.

U.S. Department of State. (n.d.). Retirement Abroad. Retrieved fromhttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/while-abroad/retirement-abroad.html